Current ISI and monitoring technologies in European energy industries

This paper reviews available information on the state of practice of inservice material property monitoring performed in European energy industries. Current practice includes a range of standard nondestructive testing and monitoring methods, improved remote sampling and surveillance specimen testing, and new monitoring techniques which are emerging from ongoing development programs. These new technologies include ultrasonic, positron annihilation, neutron diffraction, and magnetic techniques.     

Effect of site-selective substitution in bulk superconducting Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8

Magnetization measurements were carried out on bulk Tl₂Ba₂CaCu₂O₈ (referred to as Tl-2212) and on various site-selective substituted Tl-2212 samples. At 5K between 0 and 4.5 T, the 5 at. % Mg-doped Tl-2212 (Tl,Mg-2212) samples displayed enhanced pinning as demonstrated by a field dependent increase of the magnetic critical-current density J_c by 18 to 25 percent over that of pristine Tl-2212. Excess Mg (10–15 at. %), however, is deleterious. Rietveld refinement of the x-ray diffraction pattern showed Mg on the Tl sites. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis showed part of the Mg on grain boundaries. The flux-creep activation energies are higher for flux expulsion than for flux penetration in both Tl-2212 and Tl,Mg-2212 samples; the latter displays higher individual values. Our results demonstrate an increase in the number density of flux lines as a result of increased density of atomic-size-structural, defects by Mg (5 at. %) doping. In the Tl_2−yBa₂(Ca_1−zY_z)Cu₂O_8−x(z=0–0.3; single phase; x and y represent oxygen and thallium vacancies) system also studied, the T_c decreases as z increases. At z=0.3, the sample becomes an antiferromagnetic semiconductor.     

液压系统高效冷却净化一体化技术研究

实验研究了管壳式热交换器壳侧流动和多孔介质强化传热技术 ,实验证实 ,壳侧采用螺旋板和多孔介质具有很好的强化传热效果 ,螺旋板的最佳角度为 40°,多孔介质的最佳孔隙率为 0 .985。同时研究了高梯度磁净化技术 ,探讨了冷却净化一体化的兼容性和互惠性。研制了一种管壳式冷却净化器 ,测试表明 ,管壳式冷却净化器对 10 μm以上的颗粒的过滤效率为84%,比一般磁过滤器效率高 2 .1倍 ;壳侧对流换热系数比现有冷却器高19.7%。     

稀土永磁及磁记录材料的矫顽力与有效激活体积

指出了文献 [1]中的一个错误。给出了不同模型的稀土永磁材料以及磁记录材料的矫顽力 Hc和有效激活体积υ之间的正确关系 ,这样的关系被表示成一个复杂的函数关系 ,同时指出 ,对不同模型的稀土磁性材料 ,这个函数关系是不同的     

Al-4%Cu过饱和合金在强磁场中时效行为

采用差示扫描量热仪分析并结合显微硬度测试、电子探针分析、透射电镜观察研究了10-T稳恒强磁场对Al-4％Cu（质量分数）合金130℃时效过程中各沉淀相析出行为的影响。结果表明：在低温时效初期强磁场的引入加速了铜的扩散，降低了G.P.（Ⅰ）区的溶解激活能，促进其溶解，各沉淀相的析出与溶解温度均向低温处移动，时效进程加快；另外，强磁场时效后沉淀相尺寸减小；施加强磁场试样的硬度明显高于未施加磁场试样的，时效硬化效果加强。     

核磁共振测井在致密含气砂岩中的应用

通过对核磁共振测井的T₂谱及其T₂截至值的合理选取，解释并获得了鄂尔多斯盆地西缘上古生界山西组、石盒子组致密砂岩储集层的总孔隙度、有效孔隙度、毛细管束缚水体积、可动水体积及渗透率等参数，据此预测的储集层孔隙结构特征与岩心分析测试结果很吻合。研究还发现，致密含气砂岩的T₂谱具有分布范围窄-中等，波形及差谱分析谱位置明显后移、分布中等、呈单峰的典型特征。结合常规测井资料，综合研究了致密砂岩储层特征及其含气层的测井响应。经测试验证，致密含气砂岩储层的核磁共振测井解释结果十分可靠，表明核磁共振测井可用于该区致密含气砂岩复杂储集层评价。     

The magnetic applications choice among ferrite ceramics,metallic strips,or metal powder cores

Iron-based metallic strip materials such as iron, silicon-iron, and amorphous metal are used for low frequency (50–60 Hz. line) power applications. Low-loss Nickel-based alloys as high permeability strip or insulated powder cores are the choices for stable, low-level higher frequency applications. Iron-based powder cores offer low cost as power supply filter chokes. Ceramic ferrites combine highest frequency operation with low cost and reduced component size as transformers and chokes in telecommunication and high frequency power supply applications.     

加速器磁场测量的霍尔多探头装置

描述了用于加速器磁场测量的霍尔多探头装置,它包括一个具有三只恒温盒(内有58只霍尔片)的测磁长臂,高精度磁场检定系统以及数据自动获取系统。分别叙述了霍尔片的定位、恒温、校准、数据采集、处理等内容。并提出了多探头装置测量中霍尔片稳定性的重要性。给出了在我们条件下的一些具体数据。本装置已应用在兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL)的建造过程中,实践证明它能有效地高质量地满足加速器磁场测量的要求。     

基于环探头测量含运动导体的瞬态电流波形

电流除了用罗果夫斯基线圈进行测量外,还可通过环探头测量电流产生的磁场来计算得到。直线电机除了位置固定的母线导体外,还有沿母线运动的电枢;母线回路注入脉冲电流后,电枢会被加速而运动。简化母线和电枢为线电流模型,在长线模型基础上,通过环探头测量得到的磁场计算出近似电流波形。因为探头所测磁场主要由其附近电流所贡献,所以合理配置电枢起始位置与探头位置后,电枢运动对电流测量的影响很小。在瞬态电流上升沿、平台区和下降沿的不同阶段,利用实验折算的系数,可得到时域瞬态电流波形,其测量结果与用罗果夫斯基线圈测量波形一致。